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Ambition is a wonderful thing when it pays off. How many times have we watched a slugger walk up to the plate, look the pitcher in the eye, and lift an arm to point where the ball is going to land somewhere in the next state, only to strike out? Well, the new President has just stepped up to the plate. We have the TARP bailout plan carried over from the last Administration. The new Stimulus Package has been passed. Now comes the budget. Anyone doing the math will find the number of zeros adding on to the deficit reaching epidemic proportions. It seems the country is proposing to plunge even deeper into debt when it’s already in a recession, fighting two wars – one in Iraq and the other in Afghanistan – and facing a meltdown in the banking and car industries. Unemployment is at historic highs and, if the trend continues, the amount of tax collected will fall. Yet, the President is proposing major reform of the health care service. Is he biting off more than he can chew?

According to the latest figures, there are around 306 million people in the US and nearly 15%, that’s about 45 million, do not have any kind of medical insurance. What do they do? Well, when they fall ill, they crowd into the emergency rooms and seek help from the underfunded public hospital system. There are two results. The first is that people wait too long before they go to hospital and, when they get there, receive an inadequate level of care. The second is that it places a serious financial burden on everyone. The emergency room in a conventional hospital has to cover its costs but, when the uninsured patients have no money, the only option is to increase the charges to the insured patients. This burden has been particularly hard on the employers’ health plans and, to offset the increased premiums, employers have been passing some of the cost on to their employees – a forced pay cut. The public hospitals must beg for increased funding from local, state and federal bodies where budgets are already in deficit.

There is a new mood in government to do something about health insurance. In effect, the ideal plan would be to move to a single-payer plan which is the norm in the rest of the world, but that would upset too many vested interests. So the current plan is to go for a major safety net for all currently uninsured. There is already a plan for uninsured children. The Administration is proposing an element in the new budget to move all uninsured adults on to a national plan. If this can pass through into law, which is not certain given the opposition of the Republican party, it will provide a bolt hole for all currently insured. If the premiums on private health insurance continue to rise, more will move on to the national plan which, over time, could produce a single-payer system in the US. Now that would be an interesting social experiment.

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The myth put about by men is that they are the superior gender when it comes to driving. Every comedian peddles the same jokes like the woman who backed her car out of the garage one morning completely forgetting shed backed it in the night before. Its the usual sexism with men trying to cover up their own inadequacies. Although, truth be told, men may have better spacial awareness so they may have a slight edge when it comes to keeping the vehicle going in a straight line.

But, looking at the international statistics, men are three times more likely to die in traffic accidents than women. Why is this? Well, lets start with the general statistics supplied by police forces. Women are more law-abiding. When it comes to speeding, reckless driving and driving while under the influence of alcohol and drugs, theres no competition. Men are in a class of their own. Spatial awareness or not, men drive faster and take less care. Perhaps they do have better control over the cars they drive, but they have less control over themselves. Women are more cautious, driving more slowly and with a greater sense that, with one mistake, they could die.

So, even if we start off with the assumption that men and women will have the same number of accidents, men are more at risk because they drive faster. Particularly when young, men collide with other vehicles and drive into walls, trees and anything else that jumps out in front of them. Their speed means they do more damage to the vehicles, the people in the vehicles and whatever else they hit. Women traveling at slower speeds are less likely to injure themselves or others. So, crash for crash, women cost auto insurance companies less. Now add in two other factors. Men like to drive the faster, sporty cars. Women buy cheaper, more conservative cars that are less expensive to repair. Finally, women do not drive the same mileage. Men will think nothing of jumping in the car and driving across the state. Driving is enjoyable. Women tend to stay local or use public transport over distances. The more miles a year someone drives, the greater the chances of an accident.

Put all this together and an interesting fact emerges. When the auto insurance company assesses risk, women have less chance of being in an accident. If they are in an accident, its likely to cost the company less money. So, because the cost of all the losses is averaged between everyone in the same class, women pay a lower premium than men. It may not be fair but, with men being far more dangerous, its only fair they should pay more. Men might ask what they can do about this. The answer could not be more simple. From the very first day they start to drive, they have to drive like women. If, over the years, they build up a record with no traffic citations for speeding, driving only when necessary in less powerful cars, their premiums will fall. It may be less fun but the premiums for the cheap auto insurance will grow ever smaller.

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At one time or another, we have all walked into a car rental office and met with one of the counter staff on a mission to hard sell insurance. It’s like a knee-jerk reaction. See customer, sell additional insurance. The most common add-on is called loss damage waiver (LDW) and that can seriously boost your daily rate. So what is this mystery product and should we think about buying it? Well, let’s start off with a few of the basics. LDW is a kind of get-out-of-jail-free card, covering you if you put a dent in the body work or run the car off a cliff. No matter what happens, you’re off the financial hook. Most people own a vehicle of their own, have an insurance policy, and work on the basis this will cover them when driving a rental. But the $64,000 question is what cover you carry over. Let’s start with the deductibles. To get the lowest possible premium on the regular policy, most people opt for the highest deductible. They reckon they are careful drivers and can afford to self-insure the first $1,000 of any damage. Except this does not quite square with the pricing policies of rental companies. Most seem to have in-house body shops paying top rate for repair personnel or use the most expensive independents. Although you might buy the cheapest possible replacement parts, your bill from the rental company will come in at the top end of expectations and add on the much-feared “loss of use” charge. This is their estimate of the daily loss of profit caused by not having the car available for rent. And, guess what. The rental company does not feel under any pressure to get the car back on the road. Suddenly, your deductible has gone and you find your own policy does not cover the loss of use charge.

But you’re still not panicking because you remember your credit card company offers some kind of back-up insurance. Now’s the time to read all that small print, i.e. before you rent the car. The terms often fall into the so-called secondary insurance market. In theory, this covers you for those heads of claim not covered by your own car insurance. Except the world never seems to work out quite the way you expect. What works on the Gold and Platinum cards may not work on others.

Auto insurance is never an exact science but there are one or two simple rules. If you are only renting for one or two days, it’s probably better to buy the LDW because any claim you make does not show up on your own policy and you avoid any premium hike. But there comes a point when the daily rate is too big a hit. Now you are gambling you will not have an accident that takes the rental car off the road for a long time. The reality is the daily rate for loss of use probably will not fall under your own cheap auto insurance and may not fall under the credit card secondary cover. So just make sure you only have minor accidents.

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The majority of people who start up a business want to define an exit strategy. No-one intends to work until the final days before they die. Even if they want to go for something long-lasting to pass on to their children, there has to come a time when they retire, put up their feet and enjoy a few years of peace. Most surveys find around two-thirds of all business owners hope to retire within the next ten years. To make this practical requires a mixture of financial planning and retirement saving. With the economy in serious trouble, a hands-on approach is best, monitoring how the business is performing and whether current financial arrangements need to be changed. The problem is to get an overview. In one room, you have the accountants looking at the way the business is performing. In another, you have the financial advisors looking at the personal investment situation, and then there are the insurance brokers, agents and companies. If none of them work together, the advice is incoherent and the planning will not meet its goals.

So what does the business owner need to get peace of mind? The first step is to ensure the personal assets are protected. If the business is not incorporated, there will have to be personal liability insurance protection in place. That way, if something does go wrong, it will not affect the family. Some restructuring may also be necessary, moving any investments and assets from the business to a holding company and making sure that any loans made by family members get paid before the general creditors. If the worst happens and either the business fails or the owner is injured or falls ill, this will mean unemployment. Again, some provision against this possibility is desirable. Looking at the looming recession, keeping the cash flowing is best. That means keeping the tax liability to a minimum and paying by instalments. This allows you to keep payments flowing into retirement savings plans, which gives you a write-off. Looking at everyone in the family and their needs finishes the picture. Outside the business which will always be risky, all the other investments should be safe and conservative, making sure the succession planning is in place to pass the management responsibilities over when retirement is possible.

Making all this real depends on a range of different business insurance. Because the business is the family’s biggest asset, it should be fully protected. The lives of the owners need to be protected by term insurance for succession purposes, and everything that can be done to make the business successful should be done. Survival through the recession is not enough. If owners do want to retire in ten years time, the business must be ready to pass on to the family or sell on the open market. In all this, remember the planning should be fully co-ordinated, taking everyone’s interests into account. Keeping the small business insurance valuations up to date is essential to ensure agreed payments are made quickly should a claim be made. With all this in place, retirement is only a few years away.

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Whenever you start talking to your broker or to a company direct, it’s easy to assume you know exactly what insurance is. You pay a premium and, when you get into trouble, the policy pays out. Except, sometimes, it does not pay as much as you were expecting. So let’s have a quick look at the nuts and bolts of the machine and see what makes it work. According to the experts, insurance is a way of managing risk. What happens is that individuals or businesses pass their risks to a purse holder.

Each individual or business pays a premium into this purse. Think of it this way. The premium is a small guaranteed loss everyone pays every year but, because you can draw down from the purse, you never have to pay a really big loss. In the market for insuring vehicles, everyone is exposed to the same kind of risk. This makes a big class and the so-called law of big numbers applies, i.e. the larger the number of members in a class, the more likely it is the actual will match the predicted results. When you collect traffic accident statistics from all over the country every year for decades, it gets easier to predict the frequency of accidents per driver mile. But if you write commercial insurance against fire, the time, place, cause and the amount lost in each fire is more difficult to predict. You can still insure, but the premiums will rise to make sure the purse has enough money in it.

It should be obvious that traffic accidents and fires have one thing in common. There’s a specific cause for the loss that follows. This is a key requirement. A business cannot insure against making a loss. There are too many ways in which this might happen. This means insurance is never completely speculative. The policy identifies specific perils. If any of these perils occur, the insurer pays out. In all this, there is a balancing of interests. The loss must be represent a threat to the insured. People do not insure against small amounts. It’s the big bills that are worrying. But the premiums must be affordable. The insurer needs enough money in the purse to pay out all the big bills, cover the costs of administering the service and make a profit. If this makes the premiums too high, no-one will buy the policy. The premium must represent a sufficient saving to be worth buying.

Business insurance is all about putting numbers on the risks. If there’s a fire, how much will it cost to rebuild and restock the shelves, and how much will be lost whilst it’s closed? It’s impossible to write individual policies for everyone so it all comes down to aggregating the cost across everyone at risk. That’s why it’s so important to read the small print of the policy. That’s where the insurer caps the amount that can be paid out. If this was not done, one or two major claims would wipe out the purse and leave all the other policy holders without cover. In the business insurance market, the real problem comes from bundling different risks together. Make sure you know exactly what’s covered and for how much.

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